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More information
about Islam & Homosexuality can be found at: www.al-fatiha.org
Other articles of interest can be found at: groups.yahoo.com/group/al-fatiha-news
Queer
Muslim magazine: Huriyah
Gay Islam discussion groups:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/muslimgaymen http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lgbtmuslim
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/queerjihad http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bimuslims
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/transmuslims http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lesbianmuslims
Gay
Islam Reports 1998-2002
Gay
Islam Reports 2003-05
Gay
Islam Reports 2006-07
1 Bahrain cracks down on gay migrant workers 7/02
2
Gay party halted 1/04
2a Tourist convicted of gay sex acts 3/06
3 Gulf authorities to pay for gender reassignment 11/07
4 Crackdown on gays proposed in Bahrain 2/08
5 Government of Bahrain seeks to punish 'homosexual children' 4/08
6 Bahraini MP calls for gay crackdown to begin 7/08
7 Gay
Life in Bahrain - an interview 7/08
8 Bahrain MP calls for action against homosexuals 10/08
Manila
Times, Manila, Philippines (http://www.manilatimes.net)
July 11, 2002
1
Bahrain cracks down on gay migrant workers
by Joshua Dancel
The government of Bahrain has begun cracking down on
homosexual migrant workers, including those who are Filipino.
Administrator Wilhelm Soriano of the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
(OWWA) said yesterday overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) found to be gay
would be deported by Bahrain starting next week.
An Islamic state comprising 33 islands on the western side of the Persian
Gulf, Bahrain embraces Islam which bans homosexuality. Its capital and
largest city of Bahrain is Manama. Soriano said the Bahraini government
has already issued closure notices to about 500 beauty salons, massage
parlors, flower and tailoring shops where gays are believed to be employed. "Bahraini police suspected these shops and stores provide haven
for illicit homosexual activities and prostitution," he said.
These service shops and stores employ about 2,000 gay Filipinos, he
said. Soriano said the Bahrain government would start padlocking
these shops and deporting all homosexual OFWs. He said the Philippine
embassy has received numerous requests to make plead with the Bahrain
government to give the workers at least six months, enough time for
them to finish their contracts and prepare for the trip home.
"Others have gone to courts seeking to defer the enforcement of
the crackdown," he said. Soriano said embassy officials and welfare
officers are preparing an agreement with the host government as soon
as official notification is sent to Philippine representatives. The
only setback that Soriano sees once Bahrain makes good its threat is
that the embassy would be deluged with calls for help from runaway
gay
laborers.
"Im expecting 2,000 gay workers to be affected, most likely
to be sent home," Soriano said. He did not say how many Filipinos
work in Bahrain. There are more than a million Filipinos employed in
the Middle East.
Gulf
Daily News, Manama,
Bahrain ( http://www.gulf-daily-news.com )
http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/Articles.asp?Article=71228&Sn=BNEW
10 January
2003
2
Gay
party halted
Manama - A gay
party planned at a Bahrain hotel was halted by authorities after
parliament members protested. "As
soon as we heard about this, we made immediate contacts with
government officials to stop this immoral event from taking place
in Bahrain for
the second time," Al Menbar National Islamic Society member
and MP Mohammed Khalid told our Arabic sister paper Akhbar
Al Khaleej.
Fellow society member and MP Dr Saadi Mohammed Abdulla thanked
Interior Ministry and Information Ministry officials for intervening.
pinknews.co.uk
http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-994.html
March 31, 2006
2a
Tourist convicted of gay sex acts
by Staff Writer, PinkNews.co.uk
A Kuwaiti tourist has been convicted and fined for having gay sex with a Bahrain Defence Force (BDF) recruit. The Lower Criminal Court in Manama handed the unnamed 23 year old man a 100 Bahrain Dollar fine after he was found naked in a car with a 22 year old Bahraini on the seafront in February.
He pleaded guilty to immoral acts in public and told the court it all happened because he was drunk. The policeman who discovered the pair said, "At 3.30am, I was on patrol duty in the Manama area and we saw a Honda car parked near the beach in a way that aroused our suspicion.
"We stopped our patrol car at a distance and got out to check what was going on. When we got closer we saw two naked men trying to put their clothes back on. Later on we found out that one of them is a BDF military man, who admitted that he had sex with the Kuwaiti."
The Kuwaiti has been remanded in custody awaiting a medical examination, while the serviceman has been handed back to the BDF who will hold an inquiry.
Homosexuality is a crime in Bahrain.
pinknews.co.uk
http://pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-6169.html
27th November 2007
3
Gulf authorities to pay for gender reassignment
by Gemma Pritchard
The Bahraini government has agreed to pay for a trans person to undergo gender reassignment surgery in Thailand. According to daily English-language newspaper Gulf Daily News, 32-year old Hussain Rabie is due to fly out to Thailand on Thursday to undergo female-to-male surgery on Sunday. Rabie, who is partially blind in his right eye, hopes to return to represent the Bahrain Disabled Sports Federation in the men's shot put and discus. His trip to Thailand is being fully funded by the Bahrain Health Ministry and he also has a court order to protect him if he is questioned by immigration officers. The Health Ministry will pay more than BD5,000 (£6,400) for his operation, accommodation, plane ticket, food and drink while he is there.
When he returns, his final hurdle will be the Bahraini courts, where he is battling for the right to be recognised as a man and officially change his name to Hussain. "I am so happy that the ministry offered to pay for the operation," Rabie told Gulf Daily News yesterday. "I was very concerned as to how I would manage - I didn't know where to get that amount from." He said that he wrote to former Health Minister Dr Nada Haffadh asking for support, but could not believe it when the ministry responded.
"I would like to thank the ministry for their help and support." He added: "I am still not officially Hussain, but hopefully after the operation I will get a court order stating that I am a male and then all my identity cards and passport will change and I will officially be a man."
As a result of his decision to have the operation, he has now been suspended from his job as an operator at GPIC, been shunned by peers, separated from his husband and stopped from going to the gym. However, he said although society is slowly starting to accept his situation after he went public, people are still opposed to him having the operation. "People are still not aware of the kind of surgery being carried out," he said. "The community accepts homosexuals, so why are they against me? What they are doing is legally and religiously prohibited, but I have seen so many people who are leading a normal life and working. Everybody around them accepts them. I am medically unfit and I want to correct my problem."
Rabie first approached a lawyer in August 2005 and legal papers calling for him to be legally recognised as a man were filed in June last year. He submitted medical reports from Al Khalidi Medical Centre, Jordan, Ibn Al Nafees Hospital and Shifa Al Jazeera Medical Centre, Bahrain, at two court hearings last year. The High Civil Court also ordered for a medical report to be compiled by a Public Prosecution doctor. That report states that he is suffering from a gender identity problem and has no female reproductive organs. He has had a mastectomy and will travel for Thailand for his final operation.
pinknews.co.uk
http://pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-6851.html
14th February 2008
4
Crackdown on gays proposed in Bahrain
by PinkNews.co.uk staff writer
MPs in the Gulf state of Bahrain are calling for a range of measures to be taken against gay people in the country, including deporting foreigners suspected of being gay. The country only held its first elections in 2002, and since then politicians have mainly addressed themselves to "moral" issues such as banning female mannequins from shop windows and tackling the widespread problem of "sorcery." The bi-cameral parliament is dominated by Shia and Sunni Islamist parties. The foreign affairs, defence and national security committee has backed proposals to tighten immigration checks to stop foreign gay people entering the country.
"The Interior Ministry has told us that it already bans suspected homosexuals as they try entering the country from Bahrain International Airport," committee secretary Jalal Fairooz told Gulf Daily News. They look manly as they come to the airport, but when they get in they return back to their unaccepted homosexual attitude. Homosexuals are found in huge numbers at hairdressing salons and beauty and massage spas, which the ministry regularly inspects. Those who look homosexual or offer customers personal services are being caught by police and taken to the Public Prosecution."
Mr Fairooz said that homosexuals were a "threat to our society and Islamic values." The committee is also proposing that a study be carried out to ascertain how widespread homosexuality is in the country. Gulf Daily News reports that "the Education Ministry claims there are no homosexuals in schools" in Bahrain. The proposals will now be considered by the Bahrain parliament's general-secretariat. In 2006 a Kuwaiti tourist was convicted and fined for having gay sex with a Bahrain Defence Force (BDF) recruit.
The Lower Criminal Court in Manama handed the unnamed 23 year old man a 100 Bahraini Dollar fine after he was found naked in a car with a 22 year old Bahraini on the seafront.
pinknews.co.uk
http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-7476.html
April 23, 2008
5
Government of Bahrain seeks to punish 'homosexual children'
by Adam Lake
The government of Bahrain is taking action to stamp out homosexuals in the country. In a wide ranging set of proposals MP's have set out a number of initiative designed to rid the country of homosexuals. Parliament also demanded that the Interior Ministry stop granting any residence permits to foreign homosexuals. MP's have called for a study into how widespread homosexuality is in Bahrain.
Bahrain is known as one of the more tolerant Muslim nations in the Middle East, and has recently undergone a period of political liberalization. However, homosexuality remains a crime, and the government has periodically deported expatriates living in the nation for their sexual orientation. The country only held its first elections in 2002, and since then politicians have mainly addressed themselves to "moral" issues such as banning female mannequins from shop windows and tackling the widespread problem of "sorcery."
The bi-cameral parliament is dominated by Shia and Sunni Islamist parties. MP Shaikh Mohammed Khalid Mohammed said that people were complaining about homosexuals entering the country. The ministers have called for homosexuals to be 'rooted out' of hair salons and massage parlours: "Those people are either from the Philippines or Thailand and they come for these two jobs, which they use as a curtain for their homosexual behaviour and immorality."
Shockingly, the proposal will instruct teachers to look out for homosexual tendencies in children and to 'punish them accordingly.' Homosexuality has been considered illegal in Bahrain since 1956 when, as part of the British Empire, it was given the Indian Penal Code. Homosexuals can be given up to 10 years in prison though this is rarely put into practice. In 2002 the government allegedly deported 2,000 gay Filipino workers for homosexual activity and prostitution
pinknews.co.uk
http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-8513.html
July 28, 2008
6
Bahraini MP calls for gay crackdown to begin
by Staff Writer, PinkNews.co.uk
A set of proposals approved by Bahrain's parliament targeting homosexual activity in the country should be implemented, according to a politician in the Gulf state. Brotherhood MP Shaikh Mohammed Khalid Mohammed wants the government to begin a number of initiatives designed to rid the country of gay people. In April parliament demanded that the Interior Ministry stop granting any residence permits to foreign homosexuals.
Bahrain is known as one of the more tolerant Muslim nations in the Middle East, and has recently undergone a period of political liberalisation. However, homosexuality remains a crime, and the government has periodically deported expatriates living in the nation because of their sexual orientation. The country only held its first elections in 2002, and since then politicians have mainly addressed themselves to "moral" issues such as banning female mannequins from shop windows and tackling the widespread problem of "sorcery."
The bicameral parliament is dominated by Shia and Sunni Islamist parties. The ministers have called for homosexuals to be 'rooted out' of hair salons and massage parlours: The proposals will see teachers on the look out for homosexual tendencies in children and 'punishing them accordingly.' Homosexuality has been considered illegal in Bahrain since 1956 when, as part of the British Empire, it was given the Indian Penal Code. Homosexuals can be given up to 10 years in prison though this is rarely put into practice.
In 2002 the government deported 2,000 allegedly gay Filipino workers for homosexual activity and prostitution.
From GlobalGayz.com
July 2008
7
Gay
Life in Bahrain - an interview
GlobalGayz
Interview with a gay businessman John (name changed))
from UK living in Bahrain
GlobalGayz:
Tell me your impressions of gay Bahrain so far.
John:
Bahrain is quite interesting as it is probably
the most liberal of the Arab states. It's close to Saudi Arabia
(where gays and others have what we would perceive to be a really
hard time
because of their strict adherance to Islam); we are actually joined
by a causeway. As a result of this strictness, we get a flood of
Saudi's coming over at the weekend to escape this lifestyle they
have there.
They come for the weekend---arrive Wednesday night for the Saudi
Thursday/Friday weekend. (UAE and BAH now use Friday/Saturday weekend,
for business
reasons). The roads get full of cars from Saudi (easily spotted
with their plates in Arabic only) with drivers who are often somewhat
under
the weather and to be steered clear of. (Even sober they are notoriously
bad drivers!) The local prostitutes - mainly Thai or Philippine
girls - do a roaring trade. Many Saudis have week-end homes here.
As far
as the gay scene is concerned here, we have a
bar in Manama in the Gulf Gate Hotel which is gay friendly and
on a Thursday night
(kind
of like Friday night in the west) a regular crowd goes there. There
is the usual Philipino resident band that you hear in so many bars
in this region playing a selection of rock and pop songs. You can
see
many of the guys dancing together (this is not that unusual in
any bar where you have a band playing) and there is also the occasional
karaoke type performance with the band. If you want to get up and
sing, they will generally encourage it.
It is also an absolute
fact
that
gay middle-aged European guys are often very popular in the place
with many younger Arab and Indian guys. I always find this very
hard to
believe but it is a real ego trip being for me, a 48 year old,
somewhat overweight white guy strolling into this place and being hit
on
by a number of highly desirable (well, in some cases) young guys.
It's
a bit of a standing joke here with my one Indian friend, who is
early 30's and keeps himself in great shape that yours truly is so
popular
there (along with similar guys) whilst he gets very little action
from the place!
Let's face it, we Europeans are a small community—scarcity
increases value, eh?! Just as you get an influx of Saudi straight
guys you also get likewise with the gays, many wearing their dish
dashes,
some in western dress. There are some local Arabs who are in it
looking for cash, but there are many locals and Saudi's who are
just looking
to get laid. (as well as being the most liberal of the
GCC states, Bahrain is also one of the least wealthy.
Generally speaking, Bahraini
guys who are in relationships will still live at home and stay
over at their lover's places only occasionally, although they may
visit
much more regularly. The apparent popularity of European guys is
is not to say that some Arab guys are not into each other or guys
of similar
age. I just happen to know of a good number of guys in their 20's
or early 30's who favour more mature guys.
One friend of mine,
little
bodybuilder type, with whom I had a couple of dates, before choosing
my partner, said to me he hangs around with his gay mates, generally
Arab for company
and seeks out the likes of me for sex or relationship. He would
not dream of having an encounter with a black or Indian or Asian
guy. Maybe
an older Arab. This is fairly typical, but there are obviously
exceptions.
GG:
That's
very insightful, especially for folks who've never been
to UAE/Bahrain and might think the Arabs are sexless. How does
a gay person live elsewise, during the day? If he/she has a
b/f? Totally
closeted? Is he/she expected to get married? What happens if
one is outed? And lesbians? Do the authorities leave the bar at Gulf
Gate
Hotel alone? Busts or harassment? Bribes to police? Other gathering
places?
John:
The Arabs sexless?? Anything but. There are some really horny Arabs
out there - for sure. LOL!. It reminds me
of
a date I had
with an Arab guy in Abu Dhabi. Meeting for the frist time,
we were on our mobiles looking out for one another in a shopping
mall,
when we eventually made visual contact. This guy was about
28. He was dressed
in his dish dash and by the time he walked over to me had a
very visible erection (dish dashes are like kilts -
nothing
worn underneath
) - it was like playing tents! It makes me chuckle everytime
I think about it! I saw one guy who was passing by give him a very
odd look.
Anyway, It was nice to feel wanted! The local gay guys whom I know
- that is, the Bahraini's - all tend to live at home
and are extremely
closeted. As I said, they will only stay
out occasionally, even if they are in a relationship. I think
some of the "foreign" (not GCC) Arabs, (I have met
guys from Algeria, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Egypt,
Iraq, Iran, Tunisia and Lebanon), are here to get away from
the constraints of living a lie. There is a HUGE amount of pressure
from the family
to get married. I had an affair with a local guy, and he was
under
constant pressure and hid behind his having an inherited illness
as an excuse to his family. Others just avoid the issue of
marriage
with
their families as much as they can.
My little bodybuilder pal
that I was referring to earlier on wears earrings, one diamond
stud in each ear - very stylish actually - and when I saw him recently
he was all
a bit tense because he had gone home and forgotten to take
them
out and had been noticed by his Mother or who saw his 'decadant'
western dress.
I would have said that the average Muslim guy
here
has a good deal more respect for (fear of?) his parents than
the average
American or Brit. Having said that, the guys are extremely
closeted at home, when they are out many are quite brazen, I guess
would
be the way to describe it--openly kissing in public and feeling
bums, etc,
when they are together at the bar. They'll be a bit more toned
down in other places.
I am not much into the gay scene here
but I have
not heard of any trouble at Gulf Gate. There are stories from
UAE of busts from time to time. The main gay bar in Dubai was a
place called
Jules Bar which I tried to go to only once; that was with an
African
friend Barry. They would not let him in because he had a sleeveless
T-shirt on. I glanced inside to see the crowd and Barry was
a damn sight smarter that most of the people inside, many of whom
were
wearing scruffy T-shirts. I leave you to draw your own conclusions.
My current
partner is Don is an Indian Christian. The main reason he is
here
is to escape the pressure to get the right girl, being pressured
by his
mother. He is quite often taken for being Arab but sometimes
still feels a bit vulnerable when walking into certain bars. He
was 23
when I met him over a year and a half ago, so is still a bit
young I guess.
A good number of the Arab guys I have met have been
married and they screw around with gay abandon and as regularly
as they
can
from what
I can tell.
GG:
Are
you a white Anglo? Where are you from? And why are you in Bahrain?
More questions:
1 Do I suppose correctly
there
are gay couples who live together in Bahrain if they are
quite rich-powerful and can insulate themselves from the 'common
folk'
and/if their parents
are deceased and/if they are strong-confident enough to stand
up against gossip or family pressure?
2 As for lesbians. can
you inquire
please?
They have to be there and I'm curious how they arrange their
secret love lives.
3 Have there been any busts or arrests of
LGBT folks
there?
4 Any trans folks around? That's a weird issue since
women are covered
head to toe no one could tell if it was a woman or trans
under the burka/veil !!
5 I presume there is no informal/furtive
gay 'organization'
in Bahrain? And the idea of being an activist is remote?
Are there any bold leaders who have tried to organize there even
though
it's
illegal?
6 Also I read "the government deported 2,000
gay Filipino workers for alleged homosexual activity and prostitution." Is
there any gay social/romantic mixing of the different cultures
or are the Asian foreigners looked down on? They have their
own venues?
7
And I read the Gulf Daily News has printed articles that touch
upon gay subjects. Have you seen these?
John:
I am from UK originally, white,
late 40's, 2 kids, divorced. I am in construction. All
the couples I know are non-Bahraini. As I said, the Bahraini's
that I know
all still live at home, and put up with the pressure of
their parents trying
to find them a nice girl. I will make some enquiries about
the lesbians, but like I said, Don and I keep pretty much
to ourselves.
I have never
met anyone at all here who I would consider to be a real
activist type. As expats who rely on the hospitality of their adopted
country I think
that very few people would be prepared to jeopardize their
livelihood for gay rights.
GG:
Most
of our friends are long-term
couples.
I guess it depends on which circle of friends one hangs
out with... like tends
to attract like. Living in the Middle East is, romantically,
a starvation diet so I can appreciate your comment. Perhaps
try living
back in London
and you will see a different picture. Even there long
term couples tend to be 'older' (in 40's-60's) quieter and less
visible and
less publicized since the media are so youth oriented...
but we are everywhere. But surely there is a scattering of
sincere committed LGB couples there as well. I'd love to interview
some
of them.
John:
I guess the profile of the community here is fundamentally
different. That is, many of
the expats are transient. Many are in the diplomatic
corps or working
for multi
nationals or just here for a few years to get some
kind of financial base by working in the Middle East before returning
from whence
they came.
I knew a couple here who left for Canada, one guy was
European the other
a very fair skinned East African, age 48 and 40 respectively.
They left for Canada together a few months ago but
have been
together
for 5 years.
But, here's the rub, I can't report on any
Bahraini couples. I must make enquiries. They
have to be out there (no pun intended) somewhere.
I do know a couple in the Emirates, who have been together
for a while. The one guy is Emarati and mid 30's and
his partner Syrian
and pushing
60. The youinger guy was married and his wife died
leaving him 3 young boys. They spend evenings together before
he has to return
home to be
there when the kids wake up. It must be tough.
Don
and I met online on the ubiquitous Gaydar,
so it does work sometimes.
In most
other
Arab states it is blocked, so it is remarkable
how many profiles for, say UAE there are! Being in
Bahrain we have little or
no internet restrictions so I can
log onto www.bigdicks.com if I want to whereas in most
other Arab countries this would be far more difficult.
(There
are ways around
the restrictions: my mate in Abu Dhabi happily surfed
the net there, but he did this through some proxy or other).
GG:
Do
you and Don go
to gay-friendly venues on occasion--and is there
discrimination against him as an Asian?
John:
I told you about the Gulf
Gate which is the
main gay friendly venue. I was out last night at
the
British
Club, with Don and an Indian friend, an architect/interior
designer aged
about 35. Don and I go there regularly. We went
last night for a meal with
our friend who does not go there much at all. His
comment was if the boys from Gulf Gate came here they'd love it,
referring to
all the
middle aged Brits who inhabit the place. I would
have to say there is occasionally some prejudice against
Indians and
or African
here.
GG:
If
you were to date or take an Arab for a lover I wonder what his friends
would say? Would they be hostile, catty,
welcoming, subversive?
Given the high desirability of middle age westerners,
on the surface,
would the Arab really welcome him into his life
as a
partner or just as a social bauble to play with or to impress
his
peers? My
experience
is that we westerners are mostly viewed as money
machines
and/or exotic toys.
John:
When I first arrived in Abu Dhabi I met
a guy called Ahmed.
(who still keeps in touch via sms.) He invited
me over to his house at Ramadan for "Majilis" and
I was introduced as a friend. His wife and
the other women
were nowhere to be
seen
as the guys sat
in their lounge on floor cushions and ate and
drank. No alcohol, of course. All the people at the majilis
made me feel absolutely
welcome.This
is the only occasion I can recall where I have
been introduced to family like that. My ex-bf here used
to invite me
over to his place, especially
when I had a pal of mine staying over at my
place,
but he always went ahead to make sure his mother
was not
around; she was
not to be seen
and would take herself into her bed room or
whatever as I went through into my friends room.
You get
some guys who see you
as a money Machine.
Ahmed who I referred to before used to
wine and dine me, which having just arrived from Africa
was a
change, and,
as I
was to find
out over the next months, not at all unusual.
GG:
I
presume most Arabs are not circumcised, and are they known generally
to be
much 'endowed'?
And I wonder if they are as 'free and versatile'
as we are in bed? Are they at ease with their homosexual
play?
Or stuck
in
the dominant
power top position? Are you and Don versatile?
How does Don's culture influence his sexuality/activity?
John: On
the contrary, all the
Arab guys I have met are Muslim and circumcised.
I do know one Christian
Arab guy from Syria who is not. All the
Arabs I have met come in the usual array of shapes and sizes but
I would not have
said I
have not
met any as blessed as some of our black
brothers, but there have been some big boys. There are a lot of these
guys who are
totally
selfish in
bed. I have generally been bottom for that
type (I am versatile). Some just get their nut off and
them
just
leave you high and
dry. LOL! I
met one guy called Majdi who was so nice
but
the
worst in bed. That is not to say that there are not some
guys there that
are really hot!
Don is the main top in our relationship
and I think almost totally uninhibited. Being Christian he's
uncircumcised too. He claimed
never to have bottomed for anyone before
me, but seems to enjoy it now.
GG: Well
this has been an insightful and honest exchange with you and I very
much appreciate your candor.
I hope
this brings
some light
into
the 'secrets' of Bahraini gay sexuality—if
not at least the sexuality of expats
within Bahrain
culture.
Now please
find
me a lesbian
to interview, but I won't hold my breath.
pinknews.co.uk
http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-9360.html
October 22, 2008
8
Bahrain MP calls for action against homosexuals
by Staff Writer, PinkNews.co.uk
The new session of Parliament in the Gulf state of Bahrain began this week with calls for a crackdown on gays. Al Menbar MP Shaikh Mohammed Khalid Mohammed wants the government to begin a number of initiatives designed to rid the country of gay people. "We have homosexual rates on the rise, with such people working in flower shops, massage parlours or barber's salons," he said. "Sluts walk around residential neighbourhoods untouched."
In April Parliament demanded that the Interior Ministry stop granting any residence permits to foreign homosexuals. Bahrain is known as one of the more tolerant Muslim nations in the Middle East, and has recently undergone a period of political liberalisation. However, homosexuality remains a crime, and the government has periodically deported expatriates because of their sexual orientation. Bahrain only held its first elections in 2002, and since then politicians have mainly addressed themselves to "moral" issues such as banning female mannequins from shop windows and tackling the widespread problem of "sorcery."
The bicameral parliament is dominated by Shia and Sunni Islamist parties. Homosexuality has been considered illegal in Bahrain since 1956 when, as part of the British Empire, it was given the Indian Penal Code. Homosexuals can be given up to 10 years in prison though this is rarely put into practice. In 2002 the government deported 2,000 allegedly gay Filipino workers for homosexual activity and prostitution.
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